2.2 直译

　　如果缩略语经常见诸于国外的报章杂志,为外国读者熟悉,成为通用语,甚至收入英语辞书中,可以直译。比如,外国读者熟悉的:一国两制(one count ry ,two systems) 、和平共处五项原则( the five principles of peaceful coexis2tence) 、双赢(double-wins) 、三废(three wastes) 、四化(four modernizations) 等。收入英语词书的有:三民主义( three principles of the people) 、“三国”( Three Kingdoms) 、“三反运动”( threeanticampaign) 、“四人帮”( the Gang of Four)等。

　　有时在上下文中有暗示缩略语内容的情况,此时可以不必表达缩略语的具体内容,直译即可。如:

　　我们必须继续提倡社会主义精神文明,开展五讲四美活动。

　　We must continue to advocate a high ethicaland cultural standard under socialism and unfoldthe movement of“Five St resses and Four Point sof Beauty”.

　　上例中“五讲四美”属于“社会主义精神文明”的内容。尽管译文没有作详细解释,却具有可理解性。但要注意,直译时避免词语的歧义性,如“四美”译为Four Beauties , “三热爱”译为Three Loves ,就会使外国读者误解为“四个美女”和“三个情人”。

　　2. 3 直译加注

　　用直译加注法翻译缩略语,既保留了缩略语形式,又解释了缩略语的内容,无疑会给外国读者更加直观的印象,因而这种译法被广泛应用。在《汉英新词语汇编》(1990) 中,缩略语的翻译基本上采用直译加注法, 《北京周报》(Bei2jing Review) 双语俱乐部时文翻译中,缩略语大都采用直译加注法。如:

　　(1) 为了在现代化建设中坚持正确的方向,他旗帜鲜明地提出坚持四项基本原则。

　　To ensure a correct direction for the mod2ernization drive ,he raised the question of adher2ing to the Four Cardinal Principle in clear cutterms ( adherence to the socialist road , thepeople’s democratic dictatorship , the communistparty leadership and Marxist-Leninism and MaoZedong Thought) .

　　(2)“两个基本点”

　　Two Focal Point s , two of the major point sof the line set by the 13th congress of CPC ,ie ,upholding the four cardinal principles and poli2cies of reform ,opening to the out side world andinvigorating the domestic economy.

　　(3) 按照“三个代表”的要求,抓住机遇,加快发展。

　　According to the requirement s of the ThreeRepresent’s (the CPC represent s the requirementto develop advanced productive forces ,an orien2tation towards advanced culture and the funda2mental interest s of the overwhelming majority ofthe people of China) ,we must seize opportunitiesand accelerate development .

　　(4)“三河三湖”流域5188 家重点污染企业中,95 %实现了污物达标排放。

　　Among the 5188 key pollutant- dischargingenterprises along the“Three Rivers”and“ThreeLakes”( Huaihe River ,Liaohe River and HaiheRiver , Taihu Lake , Chaohu Lake and DianciLake) , 95 percent of them meet environmentstandards.

　　采用直译加注法翻译缩略语的优点在于,当文章中反复出现缩略语时,译者在后文中可以直译缩略语。